N-Acetyl Selank Amidate

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is a stabilized, next-generation analog of the synthetic heptapeptide Selank, a tuftsin-derived neuropeptide originally developed at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Selank was designed to modulate brain activity and immune function and was approved for human use by the Russian Federation Ministry of Health in 2009 for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It is currently available by prescription in Russia and Ukraine. N-Acetyl Selank Amidate incorporates two key structural modifications to the parent Selank molecule: an acetyl group attached to the N-terminus and an amide group attached to the C- terminus. These modifications are designed to protect the terminal groups from enzymatic degradation by exopeptidases, resulting in improved metabolic stability, enhanced resistance to breakdown, and potentially greater bioavailability compared to standard Selank. Like its parent compound, N-Acetyl Selank Amidate retains the tuftsin core sequence (Thr-Lys- Pro-Arg) extended with a Pro-Gly-Pro fragment at the C-terminus. This tripeptide extension enhances the molecule’s ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and reach the central nervous system when administered via injection or intranasally. While direct research on N-Acetyl Selank Amidate specifically is limited, the modifications are intended to improve stability rather than alter the peptide’s fundamental mechanisms. Therefore, it is expected to share Selank’s established properties with potentially enhanced and longer- lasting effects.

Key Characteristics

• Sequence: Ac-Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro-NH₂
• Molecular formula: C₃₅H₅₉N₁₁O₁₀
• Molecular weight: 793.92 g/mol
• CAS number: 2212313-10-6
• Synonyms: Selanc, TP-7, N-Acetyl Selank
• Classification: Synthetic heptapeptide, tuftsin analog, peptide anxiolytic
• Origin: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences
• Parent compound: Selank (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro)

How It Works

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate exerts its effects by crossing the blood–brain barrier and interacting with multiple neurotransmitter systems and signaling pathways in the central nervous system. Rather than forcing a single neurotransmitter response, it supports the brain’s self-regulation mechanisms across several interconnected pathways.

GABAergic System Modulation

Selank and its analogs appear to function as positive allosteric modulators of GABAᴀ receptors, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter system in the brain. GABA reduces neuronal excitability, promotes relaxation, and alleviates anxiety. Clinical studies have shown that Selank’s anxiolytic effect is comparable to that of classical benzodiazepine drugs, which also enhance GABA’s inhibitory effect through allosteric modulation. However, unlike benzodiazepines, Selank does not cause sedation, muscle relaxation, tolerance development, or withdrawal syndrome. Transcriptomic analysis in rat frontal cortex tissue revealed that Selank administration produced significant changes in the expression of 25 genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission, many overlapping with genes affected by GABA itself. This supports the hypothesis that Selank’s mechanism of action is closely related to the GABAᴀ receptor system.

Enkephalin System Modulation

Selank has been shown to inhibit enzymes involved in the degradation of enkephalins, endogenous opioid peptides that play a role in mood regulation and pain perception. Clinical studies in patients with generalized anxiety disorder found decreased levels of leu-enkephalin, which correlated with disease severity. Selank treatment offset this decrease, suggesting that part of its anxiolytic mechanism involves preserving endogenous enkephalin levels by inhibiting enkephalin-degrading enzymes (enkephalinases) in a dose-dependent manner.

Serotonin Metabolism

Research in murine models has demonstrated that Selank influences serotonin metabolism in the hypothalamus and caudal brain stem. Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, anxiety, and cognitive function. By modulating serotonin receptor levels and metabolism, Selank may amplify the effects of this mood-regulating neurotransmitter without the forced manipulation seen with SSRIs.

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Intranasal administration of Selank has been shown to rapidly elevate BDNF expression in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for learning, memory, and emotional regulation. BDNF is a neurotrophic factor that promotes the growth and survival of neurons, enhances synaptic plasticity, and improves overall brain function. Research by Inozemtseva et al. (2008) demonstrated time-dependent increases in both BDNF mRNA and protein levels following Selank exposure, suggesting the peptide engages both rapid signaling cascades and slower genomic mechanisms.

Monoamine Neurotransmitter Modulation

Studies in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice showed that Selank affects the content of monoamine neurotransmitters and their metabolites in the brain, including dopamine and norepinephrine. These interactions may contribute to Selank’s cognitive-enhancing and antidepressant-like properties, though research on this pathway remains inconclusive.

Gene Expression and Transcriptomic Effects

Transcriptomic studies have revealed that Selank produces broad changes in gene expression in the hippocampus and spleen. Single and chronic administration affected genes involved in neurotransmission, inflammatory signaling (including CX3CR1), immune-related transcription, and cytokine-mediated communication. This dual action on both neural and immune systems reflects Selank’s origin as an analog of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin.

Immunomodulatory Effects

As a synthetic analog of tuftsin, an endogenous tetrapeptide that regulates immune function, Selank retains immunomodulatory properties. Research has shown that Selank completely suppressed IL-6 gene expression in peripheral blood cells of patients with depression and significantly altered the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in patients with GAD and neurasthenia. These cytokine-regulating effects suggest Selank may serve as a novel immunomodulator, with potential adaptogenic properties beneficial for people exposed to environmental stressors.

Enhanced Stability of the N-Acetyl Amidate Form

The N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation in N-Acetyl Selank Amidate reduce the peptide’s overall charge and shield it from rapid enzymatic degradation by exopeptidases. This results in longer half-life, improved tissue penetration, and potentially more consistent effects compared to unmodified Selank. These modifications are standard techniques in peptide chemistry to improve pharmacokinetic profiles without altering the fundamental biological activity.

Benefits

The following benefits are based primarily on research conducted with the parent compound Selank, as direct studies on N-Acetyl Selank Amidate are limited. The modified form is expected to share these properties with potentially enhanced and longer-lasting effects.

Anxiolytic Effects

• Reduces anxiety symptoms comparable to benzodiazepine drugs
• No sedation, cognitive impairment, or emotional blunting
• No addiction risk, tolerance buildup, or withdrawal symptoms
• Effective in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and neurasthenia
• Antiasthenic (energy-boosting) and psychostimulant properties alongside anxiolysis
• Anxiolytic effect persists for at least one week after the last dose

Cognitive Enhancement

• Improved memory retention and memory trace stability
• Enhanced concentration and information processing

• Clearer thinking under pressure and cognitive load
• Improved attention and mental work capacity
• Mild nootropic effects demonstrated in clinical trials
• Optimization of learning processes

Neuroprotection

• Upregulation of BDNF expression in the hippocampus
• Support for neuronal growth, survival, and synaptic plasticity
• Enhanced neuroplasticity (the brain’s ability to adapt)
• Balanced inflammatory responses in the nervous system
• Potential protective effects against alcohol-related neurodegeneration

Stress Resilience

• More efficient nervous system response to stressors
• Faster recovery after stressful events
• Maintained emotional balance under pressure
• Improved stress processing rather than stress blocking

Mood Support

• Modulation of serotonin metabolism and receptor levels
• Antidepressant-like effects demonstrated in animal models
• Improved emotional regulation following brain stress or trauma
• Support for emotional stability without forced neurotransmitter manipulation

Immune Modulation

• Regulation of IL-6 expression and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance
• Adaptogenic properties beneficial during environmental stress
• Potential for prevention of infectious diseases in stressed populations
• Dual neuroimmune activity reflecting tuftsin heritage

What the Science Shows

Most research has been conducted on the parent compound Selank. N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is expected to share these properties based on its structural modifications aimed at improving stability rather than altering function. Clinical Trial: Selank vs. Medazepam for Generalized Anxiety Disorder In a study of 62 patients with GAD and neurasthenia, the anxiolytic effects of intranasal Selank (30 patients) were compared to medazepam (32 patients) using the Hamilton, Zung, and CGI psychometric scales. Selank demonstrated comparable anxiolytic efficacy to medazepam but also provided additional antiasthenic and psychostimulant effects not seen with the benzodiazepine. The study also revealed that patients with GAD had decreased leu-enkephalin levels, and Selank treatment offset this decrease, suggesting an enkephalin-preserving mechanism of action (Zozulya et al., 2008).

Clinical Trial: Selank vs. Phenazepam for Anxiety Disorders

A comparative study in 60 patients with phobic-anxiety and somatoform disorders evaluated intranasal Selank against phenazepam. Selank demonstrated pronounced anxiolytic and mild nootropic effects. Notably, the anxiolytic effect lasted for a week after the last dose. Selank had a positive impact on quality of life without the sedation, dizziness, and cognitive side effects typical of phenazepam (Medvedev et al., 2014).

Clinical Trial: Selank as Adjunct to Phenazepam

A study of 70 patients with anxiety disorders compared phenazepam monotherapy (30 patients) to combination therapy with Selank plus phenazepam (40 patients). The combined treatment achieved earlier positive effects, decreased the level of undesirable phenazepam side effects (including attention and memory impairment, sedation, and sexual disturbances), and had a positive impact on quality of life (Medvedev et al., 2015).

BDNF Expression Study

Inozemtseva et al. (2008) demonstrated that intranasal Selank administration regulated BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo. The study found time-dependent increases in BDNF mRNA and protein levels, suggesting Selank engages both rapid signaling cascades and slower genomic mechanisms to support neurotrophin production. This has significant implications for memory formation, neuroplasticity, and neuroprotection.

GABAergic Gene Expression Study

Kolomin et al. (2014) used quantitative PCR to study the expression of 84 genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission in rat frontal cortex following Selank administration. Twenty-five genes showed significant mRNA changes after either Selank or GABA administration, with substantial overlap between the two, supporting the hypothesis that Selank’s mechanism is closely related to GABAergic signaling.

Immunomodulatory Effects Study

Uchakina et al. (2008) studied Selank’s immunotropic effects in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders. In vitro experiments revealed that Selank at 10⁻⁷ M concentration completely suppressed IL-6 gene expression in peripheral blood cells of patients with depression. In vivo, significant changes in the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance were observed in patients who received Selank for 14 days, with inverse correlation dynamics suggesting regulatory rather than suppressive immune modulation.

Transcriptomic Studies

Kolomin et al. (2010) examined the transcriptomic response of rat hippocampus and spleen cells to single and chronic Selank administration. Results showed significant gene expression changes in both tissues, including CX3CR1 involved in inflammatory signaling, suggesting Selank regulates inflammatory processes through gene expression modulation. This dual neural and immune tissue effect is consistent with Selank’s tuftsin-derived origins.

Memory and Serotonin Study

Research in trained Wistar rats demonstrated that Selank upregulates serotonin metabolism in the hypothalamus and caudal brain stem for 30 minutes to 2 hours following administration. Additionally, Selank had a positive influence on memory trace stability for a period of 30 days, suggesting favorable effects on memory storage processes during the consolidation phase of memory formation (Semenova et al., 2009).

Chronic Stress and Diazepam Interaction

A study evaluating Selank and diazepam in rats under unpredictable chronic mild stress conditions found that combined administration maintained anxiety indicators at pre-stress levels, whereas individual administration showed less complete protection. This suggests Selank may enhance the efficacy of benzodiazepines while reducing their side effects. Tolerance was not observed after 14 days of Selank administration.

Important Context

While Selank has been studied in multiple clinical trials and is approved for prescription use in Russia, direct clinical research on the N-Acetyl Selank Amidate modification specifically is lacking. The structural modifications are well-established techniques in peptide chemistry intended to improve stability rather than alter mechanism, so the parent compound’s research is considered relevant. However, large-scale Western clinical trials confirming efficacy and safety of either form remain unavailable.

Dosing Protocol

There are no official N-Acetyl Selank Amidate dosing guidelines due to limited direct research. The following protocols are derived from clinical studies of the parent compound Selank and practitioner experience. Approach with appropriate caution.

Intranasal Administration

Intranasal delivery is the most commonly studied route and allows for rapid absorption across the nasal mucosa and efficient blood–brain barrier penetration.

Protocol Dose Frequency Duration Anxiolytic (Russian 450 mcg/day 150 mcg 3x daily 14 days Rx) Cognitive support 300–600 mcg/day 1–2x daily 14–21 days Clinical trial dose Up to 2,700 mcg/day 3x daily Up to 21 days

After completing a 14-day course, a washout period of one to three weeks is recommended before repeating.

Subcutaneous Administration

Injectable Selank offers a convenient once-daily alternative with potentially more consistent absorption.

Protocol Dose Frequency Duration Conservative start 150 mcg Once daily 14 days Standard anxiolytic 200–300 mcg Once daily 14–21 days Cognitive 300–500 mcg Once daily 14–21 days enhancement

Important Dosing Notes

• Start at the lower end of dosing ranges and titrate upward based on response.
• N-Acetyl Selank Amidate may be more potent than unmodified Selank due to improved

stability; conservative dosing is advisable.

• Effects may be noticed within the first one to three days in some individuals (rapid

responders), while others may require the full cycle.

• Selank has very low toxicity; overdoses of up to 500 times the effective dose have been

shown to be harmless in preclinical studies.

• A washout period equal to or greater than the treatment duration is recommended

between cycles.

• Selank can be used alongside benzodiazepines and may enhance their efficacy while

reducing side effects.

Draw Volumes – 10 mg Vial (2 mL Reconstitution = 5 mg/mL) Dose Volume Units on Insulin Syringe 150 mcg 0.03 mL 3 units 200 mcg 0.04 mL 4 units 250 mcg 0.05 mL 5 units 300 mcg 0.06 mL 6 units 400 mcg 0.08 mL 8 units 500 mcg 0.10 mL 10 units

At 300 mcg daily, one 10 mg vial provides approximately 33 doses. Use a U-100 insulin syringe for accurate measurement.

Reconstitution Instructions

Step 1: Gather supplies: N-Acetyl Selank Amidate vial, bacteriostatic water, alcohol swabs, and syringes. Step 2: Clean the stoppers on both vials with alcohol swabs. Step 3: Draw 2 mL of bacteriostatic water into a syringe. Step 4: Inject the water slowly down the inside wall of the peptide vial. Do not spray directly onto the powder. Step 5: Let the powder dissolve naturally. Gently swirl if needed. Do not shake. Step 6: Once fully dissolved, the solution is ready for use. Step 7: Label the vial with the date, concentration (5 mg/mL), and contents.

Concentration Math

With 2 mL reconstitution:

• 10 mg ÷ 2 mL = 5 mg/mL = 5,000 mcg/mL
• Each 0.01 mL (1 unit) = 50 mcg

Side Effects and Cautions

Safety data on N-Acetyl Selank Amidate specifically are lacking. However, the parent compound Selank has been studied extensively and demonstrates a favorable safety profile.

Reported Side Effects (from Selank research)

• Nasal irritation or mild sinus discomfort (intranasal route)
• Mild headache
• Sore throat (intranasal route)
• Nausea (rare)
• Injection site reactions: redness, swelling, minor pain (subcutaneous route)

Safety Profile

Selank has demonstrated high tolerability and an absence of toxicity for durations of up to one month of administration in clinical studies. Key safety characteristics include:

• No addiction risk
• No tolerance buildup observed in clinical studies
• No withdrawal symptoms
• No sedation or cognitive impairment
• No emotional blunting
• Low toxicity profile: overdoses of up to 500 times the effective dose have been shown

harmless in preclinical models

Theoretical Concerns

• Some researchers speculate that long-term use may cause desensitization of the

GABAergic system, potentially resulting in increased anxiety. However, current data does not definitively support this concern.

• A theoretical link between elevated BDNF and increased hair loss risk in predisposed

individuals has been proposed, but no research substantiates a connection between Selank use and hair loss.

• Selank may enhance the effects of benzodiazepines; dose adjustments may be necessary

when combining.

Contraindications and Precautions

Avoid

• Known hypersensitivity to Selank, tuftsin, or any component of the formulation
• Pregnancy (safety not established)
• Breastfeeding (safety not established)

Use with Caution

• Currently taking benzodiazepines (Selank may enhance their effects; dose adjustment

may be needed)

• Active autoimmune disorders (due to immunomodulatory properties)
• Individuals prone to low blood pressure (limited data)
• Under age 18

Special Considerations

Because N-Acetyl Selank Amidate modulates GABAergic signaling, serotonin metabolism, and immune function, it may interact with medications affecting similar pathways. Discuss with a physician if you take anxiolytics, antidepressants, immunosuppressants, or other psychiatric medications. A washout period of one to three weeks is recommended between treatment cycles to minimize theoretical concerns about GABAergic desensitization.

Comparison with Similar Compounds

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate vs. Standard Selank

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate features N-terminal acetylation and C-terminal amidation, which protect the molecule from enzymatic degradation, resulting in improved metabolic stability and potentially longer-lasting effects. The core mechanism of action is expected to remain the same. Researchers may choose standard Selank for its established clinical track record or N-Acetyl Selank Amidate for its enhanced stability profile.

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate vs. Semax

Semax is a synthetic ACTH(4–10) analog that primarily modulates neurotrophic factors (especially BDNF), while Selank is a tuftsin analog that primarily modulates GABAergic and enkephalin systems. Semax is better characterized for cognitive enhancement and neuroprotection, while Selank excels in anxiolysis. Some practitioners combine both for synergistic cognitive and mood support.

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate vs. Benzodiazepines

Clinical trials have directly compared Selank to benzodiazepines (medazepam and phenazepam). Selank demonstrated comparable anxiolytic efficacy but with additional cognitive-enhancing properties and without sedation, muscle relaxation, tolerance development, or withdrawal syndrome. Selank may also reduce the side effects of benzodiazepines when used in combination.

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate vs. SSRIs

SSRIs recycle existing serotonin by blocking reuptake, while Selank modulates serotonin metabolism and receptor levels more broadly. Selank’s effects are typically noticed faster (days

versus weeks for SSRIs) and carry no reported risk of the sexual dysfunction, weight gain, or emotional blunting commonly associated with SSRIs.

Feature N-Acetyl Standard Semax Benzodiazepines SSRIs Selank Selank

Amidate

Primary effect Anxiolytic + Anxiolytic Nootropic + Anxiolytic + Antidepressant nootropic + nootropic neuroprotective sedative + anxiolytic Onset 1–3 days 1–3 days 15–30 min Minutes 2–6 weeks Sedation None None None Significant Mild–moderate Dependence None None None observed High Moderate risk observed observed Cognitive Enhancing Enhancing Enhancing Impairing Variable effects Stability Enhanced Standard Standard N/A N/A

Success Tips

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate supports calm, focused brain function through subtle regulatory mechanisms. Here are recommendations for optimal results.

Set Appropriate Expectations

This is not a sedative, antidepressant, or stimulant. Many users notice effects within the first few days, but some require a full cycle. Approximately 40% of patients in clinical studies were rapid responders who experienced significant improvement in the first one to three days. Effects may persist for at least one week after the last dose.

Optimize Administration

• For intranasal use, clear nasal passages before application and tilt the head back slightly.
• For subcutaneous injection, rotate injection sites (abdomen at least 2 inches from the

navel, outer thighs, upper arms).

• Consistent daily timing helps establish effects.
• Morning or early-afternoon dosing is generally preferred.

Support Brain Health Foundations

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate enhances a healthy brain; it does not replace foundational practices:

• Quality sleep (7 to 9 hours)
• Regular physical exercise (both aerobic and resistance training)
• Nutrient-dense diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants
• Stress management techniques (mindfulness, meditation, breathwork)
• Social connection and mental stimulation

Respect the Cycle

Standard protocols recommend 14- to 21-day treatment courses followed by washout periods of one to three weeks. This approach aligns with Russian prescribing guidelines and minimizes theoretical concerns about GABAergic desensitization.

Track Subjective Markers

Keep notes on:

• Anxiety levels and stress tolerance
• Mental clarity and focus
• Mood stability and emotional regulation
• Sleep quality
• Memory and information processing
• Overall sense of calm versus sedation

Storage and Handling

Before Reconstitution

• Store lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder at −20°C (−4°F) for long-term storage.
• Room temperature storage (below 25°C / 77°F) is acceptable for short periods.
• Keep in a dry location away from light.

After Reconstitution

• Refrigerate at 2–8°C (35–46°F).
• Protect from light.
• Use within 28 to 30 days.
• Do not freeze the reconstituted solution.
• Avoid repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
• Check for cloudiness or particles before each use; discard if present.

Nasal Spray Storage

• Store nasal spray formulations refrigerated at 2–8°C.
• Keep the spray nozzle clean to prevent contamination.
• Use within the timeframe specified by the manufacturer.

Travel

• Keep refrigerated when possible.
• A cooler with ice packs works for short trips.
• Do not expose to excessive heat.

Legal Status

United States

• Not FDA-approved for any medical indication.
• Not a controlled substance.
• Available as a research peptide.
• Use is considered experimental.

Russia and Ukraine

• The parent compound Selank was approved for human use by the Russian Federation

Ministry of Health in 2009.

• Available by prescription for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
• Sold as 0.15% nasal drops under medical supervision.

International

• Regulatory status varies by country.
• Not widely approved outside of Russia and Ukraine.
• Available as a research peptide in many jurisdictions.

Important Context

N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is sold as a research chemical in most countries outside of Russia. Human use is at your own risk. No medical claims can be made about its efficacy or safety outside jurisdictions where Selank is approved.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between Selank and N-Acetyl Selank Amidate? N-Acetyl Selank Amidate is a modified version of Selank with an acetyl group at the N-terminus and an amide group at the C-terminus. These modifications improve metabolic stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation, potentially resulting in longer-lasting and more consistent effects. The core mechanism of action is expected to remain the same. How quickly will I notice effects? Clinical studies with Selank showed that approximately 40% of patients were rapid responders who experienced significant improvement within one to three days. Others may require the full 14-day cycle to notice effects. The anxiolytic effect has been documented to persist for at least one week after the last dose.

Is N-Acetyl Selank Amidate addictive?

No. Multiple clinical studies and animal research have found no addiction risk, no tolerance buildup, and no withdrawal symptoms with Selank. This is one of its primary advantages over benzodiazepines and other anxiolytic medications. Can I combine N-Acetyl Selank Amidate with other peptides? Some practitioners combine Selank with Semax for synergistic cognitive and mood support. Selank has also been studied in combination with benzodiazepines, where it enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects. However, all combinations are experimental. Start compounds individually to assess your response before combining. Is intranasal or subcutaneous administration better? Intranasal administration is the most extensively studied route and allows for rapid absorption across the blood–brain barrier. Subcutaneous injection offers potentially more consistent bioavailability and convenient once-daily dosing. Both routes are effective, and the choice often depends on personal preference and practitioner guidance.

Can I take N-Acetyl Selank Amidate long-term?

Standard protocols recommend cycled use: 14 to 21 days on, followed by a washout period of one to three weeks. Some researchers have expressed theoretical concerns about long-term GABAergic desensitization, though current data does not confirm this risk. Cycling aligns with Russian prescribing guidelines. Will N-Acetyl Selank Amidate make me drowsy? No. Unlike benzodiazepines and many other anxiolytics, Selank does not cause sedation or cognitive impairment. Clinical studies consistently report anxiolysis without drowsiness, and the peptide actually demonstrates mild nootropic (cognitive-enhancing) effects. Does N-Acetyl Selank Amidate affect the immune system? Yes. As a synthetic analog of the immunomodulatory peptide tuftsin, Selank retains immune- modulating properties, including regulation of IL-6 expression and cytokine balance. This dual

neuroimmune activity is considered a feature rather than a side effect, though individuals with autoimmune conditions should exercise caution.

Is N-Acetyl Selank Amidate safe?

The parent compound Selank has demonstrated high tolerability in clinical trials, with no serious adverse events documented. It has been approved for prescription use in Russia. However, direct safety data on the N-Acetyl Selank Amidate modification are limited. This remains an experimental compound outside of Russia.

References

1. Zozulya AA, Neznamov GG, Siuniakov TS, et al. Efficacy and possible mechanisms of action of a new peptide anxiolytic Selank in the therapy of generalized anxiety disorders and neurasthenia. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2008;108(4):38–48. 2. Medvedev VE, Tereshchenko ON, Israelian AIu, Chobanu IK. A comparison of the anxiolytic effect and tolerability of Selank and phenazepam in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2014. 3. Medvedev VE, et al. Optimization of the treatment of anxiety disorders with Selank. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2015. 4. Inozemtseva LS, Karpenko EA, Dolotov OV, et al. Intranasal administration of the peptide Selank regulates BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus in vivo. Doklady Biological Sciences. 2008;421:241–243. 5. Kolomin TA, Shadrina MI, Agniullin YV, et al. Transcriptomic response of rat hippocampus and spleen cells to single and chronic administration of the peptide Selank. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2010;430:5–6. 6. Kolomin T, et al. Selank administration affects the expression of some genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2014;5:31. 7. Uchakina ON, Uchakin PN, Miasoedov NF, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of Selank in patients with anxiety-asthenic disorders. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2008;108(5):71–75. 8. Semenova TP, Kozlovskii II, Zakharova NM, Kozlovskaia MM. Experimental optimization of learning and memory processes by Selank. Eksperimental’naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia. 2009;72(4):6–8. 9. Narkevich VB, Kudrin VS, Klodt PM, et al. Effects of heptapeptide Selank on the content of monoamines and their metabolites in the brain of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Eksperimental’naia i Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia. 2008;71:8–12. 10. Zozulya AA, Kost NV, Sokolov OY, et al. The inhibitory effect of Selank on enkephalin- degrading enzymes as a possible mechanism of its anxiolytic activity. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2001;131(4):315–317. 11. Filatova E, Kasian A, Kolomin T, et al. GABA, Selank, and olanzapine affect the expression of genes involved in GABAergic neurotransmission in IMR-32 cells. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2017;8:89. 12. Ashmarin IP, et al. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology. 2005;35(6):521–530. 13. Kolomin T, et al. A new generation of drugs: synthetic peptides based on natural regulatory peptides. Neuroscience and Medicine. 2013;4(4):223–252. 14. Wikipedia. Selank. January 2026. 15. Peptide Sciences. N-Acetyl Selank Amidate: Stabilized analog for neuroimmune modulation research. 2024.